According to the definition of a ‘non-profit’ company, it is a company that is incorporated for a public benefit object, or an object relating to one or more cultural or social activities, or communal or group interests; and it is of the essence that the income and property of a non-profit company must not be distributable to its members or directors, or its incorporators, officers, or any ‘related’ persons.
Liability
In various situations, a court or statute may overlook the distinct legal identity of a company and hold all its shareholders personally responsible for the debts and obligations of the company. The company is liable for dividends tax on any dividend in specie paid by it. Non-profit companies must adhere to the non-distribution constraint. With legal personality, they provide limited liability to their members and directors, enabling them to engage in contracts and legal actions under their own name.
Taxation
In order to benefit from any tax exemptions or advantages, the entity must meet the criteria outlined in the Income Tax Act. This doesn’t guarantee automatic qualification as a public benefit organization. It’s important to highlight that not every NPC will meet the criteria to be considered “associations not for gain” or “welfare organizations” for VAT purposes. If a NPC doesn’t meet the qualifications as a “welfare organization” or “association not for gain,” it will be subject to the standard VAT registration regulations.
Formation
It should be established with objectives aimed at public benefit, or pertaining to cultural, social, or communal group interests. The income and assets of a non-profit entity should not be distributable to its members, directors, incorporators, officers, or any related individuals, except where exceptions are permitted by the Companies Act.
Maintenance
The non-profit company is required to have three directors. It cannot transition into a profit company. Additionally, it is prohibited from extending loans to its directors, securing their debts or obligations, or providing direct or indirect financial assistance to them.